Global uncertainty weighs on Việt Nam's economic outlook

Global uncertainty weighs on Việt Nam's economic outlook

Việt Nam’s economic outlook is heavily dependent on the outcome of trade negotiations and is constrained by elevated global uncertainty on trade policies and economic growth, according to an International Monetary Fund (IMF) team led by Paulo Medas. The team held discussions during the 2025 Article IV consultation with Vietnamese authorities from June 11 to 24.

Dragon fruit prepared for export in Bình Thuận Province. Việt Nam’s economic outlook is heavily dependent on the outcome of trade negotiations. — VNA/VNS Photo Hồng Nhung

Việt Nam’s economic outlook is heavily dependent on the outcome of trade negotiations and is constrained by elevated global uncertainty on trade policies and economic growth, according to an International Monetary Fund (IMF) team led by Paulo Medas.

The team has concluded discussions for the 2025 Article IV consultation with Vietnamese authorities from June 11 to 24.

According to the IMF team, high tariffs will likely take effect in the third quarter. In such a scenario, economic growth is projected to slow to 5.4 per cent in 2025 and decelerate further in 2026.

However, if global trade tensions subside, the economic outlook would improve significantly.

“Downside risks are high. A further escalation in global trade tensions or a tightening of global financial conditions could weaken further exports and investment,” Paulo said. Domestically, financial stress could re-emerge from tighter financial conditions and high corporate indebtedness, he added.

On the upside, achieving non-discriminatory trade agreements and successfully implementing planned infrastructure and structural reforms could significantly boost medium-term growth.

“Given the uncertain outlook, policy priorities should focus on preserving macro-financial stability while navigating economic adjustments. Fiscal policy, supported by a low level of public debt, should take the lead in cushioning the near-term impact, especially under downside scenarios. Accelerated implementation of public investment and strengthening social safety nets would be important,” he stressed.

He pointed out that monetary policy has much more limited room and should be decisively focused on anchoring inflation expectations.

Allowing the exchange rate flexibility will be critical as the economy adjusts to the external shock. Some monetary easing could be considered if global interest rates decline as expected and inflation falls. Vigilance is needed to monitor and act against inflation pressures that may arise, including due to external shocks.

These challenges underscore the importance of modernising the monetary policy framework to enhance its effectiveness and anchor stability, including by replacing credit growth limits with an improved prudential framework.

“Further efforts are needed to strengthen financial sector soundness. To bolster banking system resilience, priorities include strengthening bank supervision, build liquidity and capital buffers, and further improving the bank resolution framework,” he said.

“The Government’s plans for an ambitious reform agenda are very welcome and could boost medium-term growth, but implementation will be key.” 

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